Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent layer covering the white part of the eye and lining the inner surface of the eyelids. Here are some key points about conjunctivitis:

• Symptoms: Conjunctivitis often presents with redness in the white part of the eye, along with itching, burning, or a gritty sensation. Other symptoms may include excessive tearing, discharge (which can be clear, white, yellow, or green), and crusting of the eyelids or lashes, particularly upon waking.

• Causes: Conjunctivitis can be caused by viral infections (such as the common cold or adenovirus), bacterial infections (commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus), allergies (to pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain chemicals), or irritants (such as smoke, chlorine, or contact lenses).

• Transmission: Depending on the cause, conjunctivitis can be highly contagious. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are easily spread through direct or indirect contact with infected eye secretions, while allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious.

• Treatment: Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause. Viral conjunctivitis typically resolves on its own within one to two weeks, while bacterial conjunctivitis may require antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Allergic conjunctivitis can be managed with antihistamine eye drops, artificial tears, or other allergy medications.

• Prevention: Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, avoiding touching the eyes, and not sharing personal items like towels or eye makeup, can help prevent the spread of conjunctivitis, particularly in cases of viral or bacterial infection. For allergic conjunctivitis, minimizing exposure to allergens and using protective eyewear may help reduce symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, it’s important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.