Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, leading to progressive vision loss and, if left untreated, blindness. Here are some key points about glaucoma:

• Symptoms: Glaucoma often develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in its early stages. Individuals may experience peripheral vision loss, tunnel vision, blurred vision, halos around lights, and eye pain or redness as the condition progresses.

• Causes: The exact cause of glaucoma is not fully understood, but it is usually associated with increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) due to poor fluid drainage. However, some people can develop glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure, known as normal-tension or low-tension glaucoma.

• Treatment: Treatment for glaucoma aims to lower intraocular pressure to prevent further damage to the optic nerve. This may involve eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy (such as trabeculoplasty or iridotomy), or surgical procedures (like trabeculectomy or drainage implants).

• Prevention: While glaucoma cannot be prevented, early detection and treatment are crucial in managing the condition and preventing vision loss. Regular comprehensive eye exams, especially for individuals at higher risk, such as those with a family history of glaucoma, are essential for early detection and timely intervention. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, may help reduce the risk of developing glaucoma.